This book introduces the theory, methods and application of scalar and vector airborne gravimetry systematically. It mainly covers the development history, current situation and basic principles of airborne gravimetry, including basic problems, mathematical models, spectrum windows and filtering methods. It also summarizes the data processing and downward continuation theory and methods of scalar and vector airborne gravimetry . The book presents the achievements of airborne gravimetry in China, and its application in land and sea geoid unification, local geoid refinement and Geophysics, and prospects on future development. This work will appeal to a wide readership from senior undergraduates and postgraduates to researchers working in geodesy and geophysics. The English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the author for accuracy. This book is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42174001).