This interdisciplinary book brings together leading scholars to explore how cultural practices and traditions shape philanthropic efforts in education across diverse regions. Offering a comprehensive overview of the field, it identifies key theoretical developments, emerging research topics, and innovative methodologies that are transforming education philanthropy. Expert contributors analyze the role of philanthropy and organized funding in education, drawing on case studies from across Asia and the Americas. They delve into the impact of donor social identities on fostering inclusive and equitable philanthropy. The book examines historical trends in foundation giving and education reform, emphasizing the challenges of aligning donor priorities with social and educational equity in the increasingly complex landscape of education philanthropy. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative approaches, contributors offer novel insights into donor motivation and societal impact, including perspectives from cognitive neuroscience. These findings illuminate critical pathways for advancing research in philanthropy and education. Advancing Research in Philanthropy and Education is an essential resource for students and scholars in politics and public policy, research methods, and education. Policy advisors, educational administrators, and philanthropy professionals will also benefit from its actionable insights and global perspective on education philanthropy.