This book presents a unique concept of merging nanotechnology and novel urinary biomarkers for accurate early prostate cancer detection, discussing an entire progressive pipeline of innovative new strategies in biosensor development, from a simple colorimetric system to a complex system for simultaneous multiple biomarker sensing. For newcomers to the field of nucleic acid biosensing, it also describes various isothermal amplification and amplification-free strategies, which are currently the main research areas. Lastly, the book introduces and demonstrates the notion of clinical nanobiosensor validation toward clinical translation: the ultimate aim of researchers in the biosensor field. This book is a valuable reference resource learners seeking inspiration for cancer biosensor development.