Combining emerging concepts, theories, and applications of human factors knowledge, this volume focuses on discovery and understanding of human performance issues in complex systems, including recent advances in neural basis of human behavior at work (i.e. neuroergonomics), training, and universal design. The book is organized into ten sections that focus on the following subject matters:I: Neuroergonomics: Workload AssessmentII: Models and Measurement in NeuroergonomicsIII: Neuroergonomics and Human PerformanceIV: Neuroergonomics and Training IssuesV: Trainees: Designing for Those in TrainingVI: Military Human Factors: Designing for Those in the Armed ForcesVII: New Programs/New Places: Designing for Those Unfamiliar with Human FactorsVIII: Universal Design: Designing to Include EveryoneIX: Designing for People with DisabilitiesX: Children and Elderly: Designing for Those of Different AgesSections I through IV of this book focus on neuroscience of human performance in complex systems, with emphasis on the assessment and modeling of cognitive workload, fatigue, and training effectiveness. Sections V through X concentrate on applying human factors to special populations, with the caveat that the design information may not generalize to (or be of interest to) other populations. This broadens the conventional definition which limits special populations to those who have limitations in their functional abilities, i.e. those with chronic disabilities due to illness, injury, or aging. Thus, special populations can incorporate certain investigations and designs focused on military, students, or even developing countries and those naïve to the field of human factors, as well as those who are affected by disabilities and aging (both young and old).Many chapters of this book focus on analysis, design, and evaluation of challenges affecting students, trainees, members of the military, persons with disabilities, and universal design. In general, the chapters are organized to move from a more general, to a more specialized application. For example, the subtopics for those with disabilities include designing websites, workstations, housing, entrepreneur training, communication strategies, products, environments, public transportation systems, and communities.This book is of special value to a large variety of professionals, researchers and students in the broad field of human performance who are interested in neuroergonomics, training effectiveness, and universal design and operation of products and processes, as well as management of work systems in contemporary society. We hope this book is informative, but even more - that it is thought provoking. We hope it inspires, leading the reader to contemplate other questions, applications, and potential solutions in creating designs that improve function, efficiency, and ease-of-use for all.Seven other titles in the Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series are:Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in HealthcareAdvances in Applied Digital Human ModelingAdvances in Cross-Cultural Decision MakingAdvances in Cognitive ErgonomicsAdvances in Occupational, Social and Organizational ErgonomicsAdvances in Human Factors, Ergonomics and Safety in Manufacturing and Service IndustriesAdvances in Ergonomics Modeling & Usability Evaluation