This edited book focusses on green chemistry as the research community endeavours to create eco-friendly materials and technologies. It provides an in-depth overview of the fundamentals, key concepts and experimental techniques for eco-friendly synthesis of organic compounds and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles/nanomaterials. It also emphasizes the mechanisms, designing and industrial technologies for green synthesis and its applications. Each chapter brings the recent developments, state of the art, challenges and perspectives which cover all the aspects in one place, and which concern the green synthesis and evolution. Authored by world-renowned experts in a broad range of green chemistry sectors, this book is an archival reference guide for researchers, engineers, scientists and postgraduates working in the field of sustainable science, green chemistry, environmental science, engineering sciences and industrial technologies.