Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a strategic tool for the monitoring and noninvasive assessment of the health state of existing structures' infrastructures and systems and can provide decision support for reducing operational costs and risks throughout their life cycle. In that sense, this Special Issue presents six research papers and one review paper that deal with the recent developments in the theoretical, computational, experimental, and practical aspects of this field. The Special Issue covers the following topics: sensors for structural health monitoring; algorithms for damage detection and characterization; structural warning systems; model-based methods for predicting structural service life; the application of SHM for various exceptional loads; the influence of environmental and operational conditions; innovative sensing solutions for SHM; cultural heritage damage detection and health monitoring; bridge damage detection and health monitoring; case study applications; and short-term monitoring systems for diagnostic load testing of structures.