This book is a comprehensive exploration of the transformative role that nanotechnology plays in civil, structural, building, and architectural engineering. This book delves into the synthesis, characterization, and application of advanced nanomaterials and composites, highlighting their potential to enhance the performance, durability, and sustainability of construction materials. This book begins with an introduction to nanomaterials, outlining their unique properties and the mechanisms by which they improve structural performance. It covers a range of applications, from concrete reinforcement and asphalt enhancement to innovative smart materials that respond to environmental changes. Key topics include the integration of nanomaterials in concrete for improved strength and durability, the development of self-healing materials, and the use of nanotechnology in geotechnical applications.