The publication aims to support the safe and effective management of radioactive waste from past activities by presenting focused information on the specific challenges associated with such waste and providing guidance on how to develop and implement strategies to address those challenges. The main objective is to describe typical characteristics of legacy wastes and identify the major challenges to their safe management. In support, information gained through analysis of varied experiences, case studies, good practices and lessons learned are given, aiming to provide guidance on strategies for Member States to overcome these challenges, successfully manage their existing legacy waste inventories, and minimize the risk of their creation in the future. The information provided will be of interest to the waste management community, particularly to those responsible for the safe and effective management of radioactive waste from past activities in their respective countries.