The heart is the central organ and pump for the cardiovascular system. Since the 1960s, much work has been conducted to develop the total artificial heart (TAH). Instead of a physical hydraulic model, an inexpensive, compact and simple electrical circuit model has been constructed in this book, which can be used to evaluate the TAH performance before moving to the stage of animal experiments. This book develops an automatic control system to maintain blood pressure and adapt the heart rate under the physiological limits. A real-time hardware of cardiovascular system using the dSPACE system is presented in the book. Cardiac diseases such as aortic insufficiency as well as heart rate control and blood pressure control are presented in case studies in the book. These results should be especially useful to professionals in biomechanical engineering, or anyone who may be interesting in the application of adaptive control.