A Short History of Relations Between Peoples  traces how the cultural attitudes that different peoples and nations had toward each other have undergone a profound and positive change during the last 500 years. For most of   recorded history, neighboring countr i es,   tribes, and peoples everywhere in the world regarded each other with apprehension—when not outright   fear and loathing.   T ribal or   racial attitudes   were virtually   universal,   no   one group   being much better o r   worse in   this   respect   than   any  other—and   for good   reason   given   the  conditions   of   life  before the modern era . But   in   the last 500 years, relations between different people s   have undergone a slow  but  profound change.   In   this   book, John   Ellis   explains   how   a   confluence   of   discoveries,   inventions,   explorations,   as well as social and  political  changes   gave   birth   to a   new   attitude ,   one   expressed   succinctly   in   the L ati n   phrase :   gens  una   sumus — we are all one people.   This sentiment  has   by   now   become   a mode r n   orthodoxy,   however inconsistently   or even hypoc r itically it may sometimes   be e spous ed.   Ellis   tells   the st o ry of   how   the transition  happened,   setting out   the crucial   stages in   its progress   as well as  the key   events   that moved it   forward,   and identifying   the individuals   and groups   that   brought   about   the eventual dominance of this new  outlook .   This is a compelling   story   in   its own right,   but   it   is also   a useful inoculation   against   the destructive ideas of   today ’ s race hustlers.   An   accurate grasp of   how this crucial change happened co ntr adicts everything   that   they   want   u s   to   believe.  Ideologies   such   as  Critical   Race   Theory  and   Diversity, Equity ,   and   Inclusion   have   everything   touc hin g   on  race   and   racism   completely   backwards.   The villains of   their ignorant   version of   hist o ry   are really   the heroes.  In explaining  how   the   historical record makes  nonsens e   of   CRT,  Ellis’s book   am o unts   to   the most   fundamental   and complete refutation of   that pernicious ideology.