Arteriogenesis is the increase in the diameter of arterial vessels. The process of development of arteries is supplemented by the migration of pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the epicardium. Majority of the SMCs of the coronary artery stem from the epicardium, however, SMCs of proximal coronary arteries originate from the neural chest. In terms of mechanical simulation, arteriogenesis is associated with elevated pressure which intensifies the stress on the radial wall, and elevates the flow which then intensifies the stress on endothelial surface. The diameter is increased by the vessel until the normalization of the stress. In terms of chemical simulation arteriogenesis is associated with upregulation of cell adhesion and cytokines receptors. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of arteriogenesis and the recent researches in this area of study. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.